Because of their high metabolic activity, the adrenal glands, which are required for the production of steroid hormones that regulate different physiological processes, are vulnerable to oxidative damage ( 4 Oxidative stresses Oxidative stress occurs when prooxidant molecules like ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) get produced in excess when antioxidant systems are not working efficiently ( When ROS levels exceed the antioxidant defences of the body, they can damage lipids, proteins, and DNA
When growth factors bind to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), it triggers receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation, recruiting and activating PI3K (83)
However, the most common are ROS (superoxide, hydroxile, alcoxile, peroxile, hydrogen peroxide) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) (nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, peroxinitrile)
Once reconstituted, store in the refrigerator and use within 24 hours